口譯中的演講技巧有什么？
日期：2019-07-11 發(fā)布人： 來源： 閱讀量：
口譯譯員在工作時會有需要負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)調(diào)講者與聽眾之間的互動，要有一定的演講能力，下面證件翻譯公司給大家說說口譯中的演講技巧有什么?
Interpreters need to be responsible for coordinating the interaction between the speaker and the audience. They need to have a certain speaking ability. What are the speech skills in interpreting?
1、熟悉講話場所，增強演講效果
1. Familiar with the Speech Place and Enhance the Speech Effect
為了獲得良好的溝通效果，譯員在到達(dá)工作地點后，一定要先熟悉工作環(huán)境。觀察發(fā)言人所處的房間設(shè)施情況，屋頂?shù)母叩汀⒋昂煹暮穸取⒎块g的面積等都會對音效造成影響。
In order to achieve good communication effect, the interpreter must be familiar with the working environment after arriving at the workplace. Observing the speaker's room facilities, the height of the roof, the thickness of the curtain, the area of the room and so on will have an impact on the sound effect.
此外，發(fā)言人需要對多少觀眾講話，是在講臺上發(fā)言還是流動講話，這些問題譯員都需要考慮。對于譯員本人來說，是站在講話人身邊還是退到舞臺一側(cè)，有沒有輔助工具(如麥克風(fēng))，是有支架的麥克風(fēng)、手持無線麥克風(fēng)還是便攜式無線麥克風(fēng)，在工作開始前的短暫時間里，應(yīng)該盡可能充分地掌握情況。特別要注意調(diào)試麥克風(fēng)，以免出現(xiàn)音質(zhì)有問題或電池電量不夠的尷尬場面。
In addition, translators need to consider how many audience speakers they need to address, whether they are speaking from the podium or on the move. For the interpreter himself, whether he stands beside the speaker or retreats to the stage, whether he has any auxiliary tools (such as microphones), whether he has a bracketed microphone, a handheld wireless microphone or a portable wireless microphone, he should grasp the situation as fully as possible in the short time before the beginning of his work. Special attention should be paid to adjusting the microphone in order to avoid the embarrassing situation of sound quality problems or insufficient battery power.
2、綜合運用演講的幾大要素
2. Several Essentials of Comprehensive Utilization of Speech
講話人聲音的產(chǎn)生伴隨著一系列生理過程–首先是從肺部呼出氣流，氣流經(jīng)過喉，振動聲帶而形成聲音;再經(jīng)過咽、嘴和鼻腔，聲音被放大和修飾，最后通過舌、唇、齒和顎等部位形成特定的音。譯員在翻譯中應(yīng)注意演講幾個要素的運用：
The production of speaker's voice is accompanied by a series of physiological processes - first, exhaling airflow from the lungs, airflow passing through the throat and vibrating the vocal cords to form sound; then through the pharynx, mouth and nasal cavity, sound is amplified and modified, and finally through the tongue, lip, teeth and jaw to form a specific sound. Translators should pay attention to the application of several elements of speech in translation.
音量
volume
講話人聲音的大小和強弱程度。譯員切勿大聲喊叫，即使是發(fā)言人聲音過大，也不可受到影響而提高音量。適中的音量即使自己的翻譯容易被聽眾接受，也不會顯得信心不足或喧賓奪主。在翻譯過程中調(diào)節(jié)音量是必要的。譯員從開始講話就應(yīng)注意觀察聽眾表情，特別是最前排和最后排聽眾的表情。前排聽眾露出不快的表情或者后排聽眾露出不解的表情，都是音量不合適的信號。
The size and intensity of the speaker's voice. Interpreters should not shout loudly, even if the speaker's voice is too loud, it should not be affected and increase the volume. Moderate volume, even if its translation is easy to be accepted by the audience, does not appear to lack confidence or to dominate the audience. It is necessary to adjust the volume in the process of translation. From the beginning of a speech, an interpreter should pay attention to observing the expressions of the audience, especially those of the front and the last rows. The unhappy expression of the front audience or the puzzled expression of the back audience are all signals of inappropriate volume.
音調(diào)
tone
聲音的高低程度。一般來說，譯員在翻譯中最好采用中音，因為中音顯得沉穩(wěn)可信，并應(yīng)注意通過音調(diào)的變化讓聽眾感受到友好、溫和、誠懇和熱情。作為譯員，表現(xiàn)出強烈的情感是不合適的，不溫不火的音調(diào)可以顯得自己更加客觀。然而，這絕不意味著譯員應(yīng)自始至終使用一種音調(diào)，單調(diào)不變的音調(diào)會使聽眾感到沉悶，極大地破壞演講效果。
Sound level. Generally speaking, it is better for translators to use the baritone in translation, because the baritone appears stable and credible, and attention should be paid to making the audience feel friendly, gentle, sincere and enthusiastic through the change of tone. As an interpreter, it is inappropriate to show strong emotions. A soft tone can make him more objective. However, this does not mean that the interpreter should use a tone from beginning to end. The monotonous tone will make the audience feel dull and greatly destroy the effect of the speech.
節(jié)奏
rhythm
講話人聲音傳遞的速度快慢。通常，中文表達(dá)速度是每分鐘150～180字，英文則是120～150詞。雖然譯員應(yīng)該考慮所翻譯的內(nèi)容特點和講話人所采用的速度而確定自己翻譯傳達(dá)的節(jié)奏，但在平均值上下浮動幅度過大，會造成聽眾接受信息的額外負(fù)擔(dān)。因此，譯員應(yīng)采用中等速度，而且在重要信息點，如數(shù)字、專門用語、人名、頭銜等和講話人特別強調(diào)的關(guān)鍵詞上應(yīng)將速度適當(dāng)放慢。在翻譯過程中經(jīng)常調(diào)整節(jié)奏也十分重要。
Speaker's voice is transmitted fast or slow. Usually, the speed of expression in Chinese is 150-180 words per minute, while that in English is 120-150 words. Although the translator should take into account the characteristics of the content of the translation and the speed of the speaker to determine the rhythm of his translation, the fluctuation of the average value is too large, which will cause additional burden for the audience to accept the information. Therefore, the interpreter should adopt a moderate speed and slow down appropriately on key information points, such as numbers, terminology, names, titles, etc. and keywords that the speaker emphasizes. It is also important to regularly adjust the rhythm in the process of translation.
停頓
pause
信息傳遞過程中的短暫休息。對于譯員來說，適當(dāng)停頓既能夠自然大方地創(chuàng)造時間進(jìn)行思考或修補翻譯中的缺陷，又能夠為信息表達(dá)帶來更為出色的效果。馬克·吐溫在談到演講技巧時曾說過，“合適的詞語也許有效，但沒有任何詞語比恰到好處的停頓更有效”。譯員應(yīng)該注意掌握停頓的時間，過長的停頓會讓聽眾認(rèn)為是譯員翻不出來，從而影響他們對譯員的信任;而過短的停頓又起不到什么作用。馬克·吐溫認(rèn)為，“對一個聽眾的停頓要短;兩個聽眾，停頓稍長一點;更多聽眾，停頓再長一點”。
A short break in the transmission of information. For an interpreter, proper pause can not only create time to think naturally and generously or repair the defects in translation, but also bring better results for information expression. When Mark Twain talked about speech skills, he said, "The right words may work, but no words are more effective than the right pause." Interpreters should pay attention to the time of pause, too long pause will make the audience think that the interpreter can not be turned out, thus affecting their trust in the interpreter; and too short pause will not play a role. According to Mark Twain, "a pause for one listener is shorter; for two listeners, a pause is longer; for more listeners, a pause is longer".
發(fā)音
pronunciation
講話人所用語言的語音、語調(diào)和節(jié)拍是否正確。好的譯員，首先應(yīng)在中英雙語口頭表達(dá)上不存在任何障礙，發(fā)音起碼應(yīng)該符合所使用語言的規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，避免地方口音的影響。這是譯員的基本素質(zhì)之一，此處不再詳述。
Whether the pronunciation, intonation and rhythm of the language used by the speaker are correct or not. A good interpreter should, first of all, have no obstacles in the oral expression of both Chinese and English. At least his pronunciation should conform to the norms and standards of the language he uses and avoid the influence of local accents. This is one of the basic qualities of an interpreter, which is not detailed here.
吐詞
Voice
講話人能否清晰完整地說出詞句。吐詞清楚，對于有效傳達(dá)信息至關(guān)重要。放慢講話速度，是加強吐詞的有效方法。同時，由于正式場合的發(fā)言不同于對話交談，它往往要求講話人將字詞發(fā)得更加相對完整，字與字(詞與詞)之間的連讀、弱讀、吞音等則需要適當(dāng)減少，更要避免在表達(dá)中加入帶有個人習(xí)慣的不必要表達(dá)，如“嗯……”、“這個……”、“就是說……”、“Well…”、“Eh…”、“Yes…”、“OK…”等。
Can the speaker speak clearly and completely? Speaking clearly is essential to effectively convey information. Slowing down the speed of speech is an effective way to strengthen vocabulary. At the same time, because the speech in formal occasion is different from conversation, it often requires the speaker to pronounce the words more completely. The reading, weakening and swallowing between the words (words and words) need to be reduced appropriately, and the unnecessary expressions with personal habits, such as "Hmm..." should be avoided. "This..." "That is to say..." "Well..." "Eh..." "Yes..." "OK..." And so on.
3、保持良好大方的儀態(tài)
3. Keep good manners
除了言語表達(dá)以外，譯員的身體語言同樣十分重要。在翻譯過程中，譯員應(yīng)考慮以下幾個方面：
Apart from verbal expression, the body language of an interpreter is equally important. In the process of translation, translators should consider the following aspects:
穿著
Be dressed in
譯員的穿著要大方得體，并根據(jù)工作的場合調(diào)整。在正式的談判、會議、宴會等場合，譯員需要著正裝，但無需過于夸張;另外一些較為輕松的場合，如導(dǎo)游、參觀、便飯等，可以著比較休閑一些的服裝(BuisnessCausual)。如果不肯定如何著裝，一定要向組織者詢問。重要的是，良好的著裝絕不等同于昂貴新潮的品牌服飾，而應(yīng)是整潔、大方、得體的衣著。
The interpreter should dress appropriately and carefully, and adjust according to the working situation. In formal negotiations, meetings, banquets and other occasions, interpreters need to wear formal clothes, but not exaggerated; in other relaxed occasions, such as guides, tours, potluck, etc., they can wear more leisure clothes (Buisness Causual). If you are not sure how to dress, be sure to ask the organizer. Importantly, good dress is not the same as expensive and trendy brand dress, but should be neat, generous and appropriate dress.
姿態(tài)
attitude
站/坐姿要端正得體，身體不能頻繁地大幅度擺動。站時雙腿不能交叉，坐時不能翹腿或晃腿。工作時應(yīng)保持高度投入的精神狀態(tài)。
Standing/sitting posture should be correct and proper, and the body should not swing frequently and substantially. You can't cross your legs when standing, and you can't cross your legs or shake your legs when sitting. A high level of engagement should be maintained at work.
手勢
gesture
作為譯員，過多使用手勢會給人搶風(fēng)頭的感覺。在非正式的日常工作口譯中，譯員可以適當(dāng)在交流中輔以手勢;但在正式場合，譯員一定要保持端正持重，切忌手舞足蹈。
As an interpreter, using too many gestures can make people feel like stealing the limelight. In informal daily work interpreting, the interpreter can properly use gestures in communication, but in formal occasions, the interpreter must be upright and respectful, and never dance.
眼神
Eyes
增加與聽眾的目光交流，可以加強溝通的效果。不過，譯員和來自不同國家和文化背景的人接觸，應(yīng)注意不同文化對于目光接觸的禁忌。例如：歐美、阿拉伯國家的人在交談時習(xí)慣直視對方的眼睛，而亞洲和非洲一些國家的人交談時則避免直接目光接觸，特別是不同性別、不同身份層次的情況下。如果是正式場合的演講，譯員則應(yīng)和不同方位的聽眾進(jìn)行目光交流，而且目光在某一方位停留的時間應(yīng)相對延長一些，否則會給人飄忽不定、缺乏自信的印象。
Increasing eye contact with the audience can enhance the effectiveness of communication. However, when contacting people from different countries and cultures, translators should pay attention to the taboos of different cultures on eye contact. For example, people in Europe, America and Arab countries are accustomed to looking directly into each other's eyes when talking, while people in Asia and some African countries avoid direct eye contact when talking, especially in the case of different gender and different status levels. If a speech is given on a formal occasion, the interpreter should have eye contact with the audience from different directions, and the time for his eyes to stay in a certain position should be prolonged relatively, otherwise he will give the impression of uncertainty and lack of self-confidence.
表情
Expression
通過輕松自然的表情，時刻向聽眾傳達(dá)友好。即使在翻譯過程中有困難出現(xiàn)時，譯員也不應(yīng)該皺眉、瞪眼或流露出其它沮喪、無奈的表情。譯員的面部表情需要表現(xiàn)出對聽眾的善意，也應(yīng)展現(xiàn)自己對所翻譯的話題的興趣和把握。同時，譯員不是演員，夸張做作的面部表情只會適得其反。
Through a relaxed and natural expression, always convey friendliness to the audience. Even when difficulties arise in the process of translation, translators should not frown, stare or show other expressions of frustration and helplessness. The translator's facial expressions need to show his goodwill to the audience and his interest and grasp of the translated topic. Meanwhile, interpreters are not actors, and exaggerated facial expressions can only backfire.
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